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This article describes the five basic traits, continuity, genes versus surroundings and the twin studies. In terms of the five basic traits, I would describe myself as an extroverted, open to experience, conscientious, agreeable and not neurotic woman, or a woman who have a tendancy to be described by these traits. Not only may most humans observe these traits in me over time or for a while but also they may observe them in all the areas of my life, such as the social, the spiritual, the financial, the physical, and the mental area. I am characterized by these traits in the long haul or in a ceaseless way. There are two kinds of continuity: sheer and differential. Absolute continuity is the consistency in the amount of traits exhibited, and differential continuity is the consistency in person divergences in trait results over time. Some exploration showed how extraversion or positive affectivity, correlate to BAS or behavioral approach system, which manifests positive approach behavings after incentives. BAS has dopamine and electrical brain pathways. Neuroticism manifests itself in anxiety, depression, moodiness, nervousness, hostility, vulnerability, hypochondriasis and overall aroused instability. I may have had neuroticism very mildly, for very short amount of time of times, for the duration of childhood traumas, but, from my adolescence onward, I have been overall in an emotional manner stable. I have clients who score high in neuroticism, but I do not have friends who exhibit neuroticism and I choose to associate with persons who have little or no neuroticism. After recommending neurotic friends that they get professional help, and after watching that they were not following my friendly recommendations, I kindly and politely de-committed and disassociated from them. I have no forbearance for people who act like victims of the world. I believe humans invent their own reality and everything happens for a reason. I believe adults cannot still blame their childhood for everything that goes defective in their lives or for all of their failures. I believe humans have to become aware, take responsibility, and design their future. Also, with the progression of medicine and technologies, today, humans may access any kind of information, so, if an individual does not want to improve his or her life, unless they are mentally challenged, then that means they merely do not want to improve it, or they receive pleasure from staying in a more mediocre state, or they are lazy. In regard to conscientiousness, I am disciplined, responsible, authenti or committed, coordinated and perseverant. My word is law, and when I commit to an individual or something, I follow-through and finish the task or experience, unless my life is threatened. I keep my word and I suppose others to keep their word, as well, specially with me. The humans who recognise me may safely say I am a person to count on. I like to keep my physical and electronic work and living space organized. I have imposed systems that aid me stay organized, that aid me stay concentered and concentrated on the task at hand, that help me finish my tasks and that grant me instant retrievability of objects or information. This does not mean that if you enter my home or home office, everything is utterly put together at all times. I have a cat and a puppy and once in a while they put things out of order or, if I am having a busy day, I may not be caught up with my organization. In all the scientific, dependable and validated tests for perseverance, I score high. I believe that my persistent determination is one of the major components in the successes I have had and I have. If I genuinely want something, I would not take the word no for an answer. At the same token, I grasp when it is time to let go if something is not working out or becomes unethical. For instance, I invested three months of unpaid training with a company in San Diego. The company is owned by husband and wife who are going through their fifth divorce each. They have brought their drama to the workplace, overstepping professional boundaries, and, at some point, the husband made a heap of sexual advances on me. Although I had persevered for three months and I was determined to succeed with their company, I determined, at the time of the advances, that I had to cut my losses, keep distance and let go of their neuroticism or aroused instability. In regard to agreeableness, I am popular, I get along with everyone, I am empathetic, which makes me a outstanding fit for this industry and niche, I love to help, I take pleasure in humans and clients immensely, I am generous, and love is a priority in my life, possibly even over money. Love (family and friends) has always been the number one societal value in Italy, where I grew up. In the USA, monetary successes are commonly more indispensable than relations, but, altho I am both an American and a European citizen now, I still, just like when I was growing up, hug the old continent’s values. In regard to openness to experience, I am normally the basi one, in a group, to volunteer to try something new and pioneer new ways, as long as it is not endangering my life or lives of others. For instance, I am open to try new feed recipes or combinations, new medical technologies (eleven years ago, I donated my eggs to my friends who could not have children on their own and they had triplets, but, at the time, egg donation fertility was brand new and not wholly tested), investments, and new work methodologies. I take probabilities and I do not regret later. Sometimes I lose huge and occasionally I win big. In regard to openness to extraversion, I am rather highly extraverted. I am not affrighted to talk to anyone. I am a just a bit timid with men I find attractive, but I am still extroverted. I get re-energized and recharged by being around people. I take delight in people. I have some friends who are introverted, and, because of my psychological experience, I recognise when they need to be alone and I am respectful of their need. Longitudinal exploration showed differential continuity in traits over adulthood. Many psychologists, including myself, even though I only have a Master’s, believe that childhood temperament provides a trampoline for traits to shape. Temperament is divergences in conduct since childhood, affiliated to genes. Caspi (1998) claims temperament becomes traits through: learning processes, environmental elicitation and construal, social and temporal comparisons, and environmental selection and manipulation (Caspi, 1998). In my life, I grew up in Europe, in an isolated, rural place, which was torture for my extroversion. As soon as I could, at age twenty, of course, I moved to one of the most populated country on earth: the United States. As of today, I could comfortably say I could never live in the country or in a place under populated, for more than for a short vacation. Today, we know that genes are responsible for the inheritance of characteristics. An infant takes in regards to half of his or her genes from the biological mother and regarding half from the biological father. Genes are transmitted through generations. Through generational transmissions, strange occurrences could take place to transform or mutate genes for the better or for the worse. Living creatures’ bodies may alter over time to solve environmental challenges or problems. These changes become inclusive fitness of the living beings of that species. The best example of these changes is the humane mind. The University of Minnesota study of identical twins grown up detached showed that genes bestow in a major way to personality traits. By the same token, for anybody to be alive, behave and create personality, both genes and the surroundings are necessary. Research shows that measurable traits are heritable. Personality is the result of the fundamental interaction amid genes and the environment. In twin studies, non-shared environmental constituents that shape personality are: prenatal environment, accidents, birth order, sibling interaction, parental style, peer group and teacher influences. Genes may affect how one person decides to comprehend the surroundings or reality or they may affect the environs that the person chooses. For instance, in my case, being the second child, I was always equated to my older sister and asked why I was not like her. I rebelled versus those questions, and I became her precise opposite. I don’t think she and I have anything in common, though I love her. Was my personality the result of genes or the environment, such as the birth order? It was in all probability a combining of both, even if most of my family and relatives ‘ personalities are like my sister’s and parents’. So far, I have only one second degree aunt and my only nephew, who portion my personality, which is 10% of my relatives. Longitudinal studies document that people tend to increase agreeableness, conscientiousness, responsibility, autonomy and self-confidence for the duration of adulthood, exceptionally educated women. Jack Block (1995), through the California Q-sort, studied ego control and resiliency His studies generated the following personality kinds: individuated, traditional, conflicted and assured. In my case, I am unquestionably individuated. I pride myself to be initial and I am oftentimes told so by people around me, in terms of my originative and basi thoughts. I love thinking outside the box. I don’t like to conform or be traditional; I prefer to be cutting edge and innovative, of course still remaining within ethical and moral standards. I have been one of the introductory Italians to adopt vegan nutrition. Perhaps, as a young girl, being raised by parents who were not fortunate to receive a high education, and having had a father, who became physically sick when I was six years old, I was conflicted. I thought I was the cause of that sickness, which is a natural thought for kids at that age. Growing up, I became more and more assured. I always knew what I wanted to be, to do and to have when I was older, since age seven or so. Personality changes may take place depending on life goals, tasks, projects, values, coping mechanisms, interests, interpretations of the past, and visions. Characteristic adaptations and integrative life stories add on to traits in shaping personality. My life is a testimony of the former statement. I am looking forward to continuing to discover more exploration studies in the field of Personality Psychology. References |
